Kako izgleda prosečan kompozitor iz Italije?

Giuseppe Sarti (1729-1802)

Florian Leopold Gassmann (1729-1774)

U operskim arhivama u Italiji prikupljeno je više od 40 000 opera njihovih kompozitora. Kako izgleda prosečan kompozitor iz Italije? Komponovao je između 50 - 120 opera koje su izvođene u raznim operskim kućama u gradovima Evrope. Evo samo dva primera: Giuseppe Sarti (1729-1802) i Florian Leopold Gassmann (1729-1774), jer bez dela ovih kompoziroa muzičko platno Amadeus Mocarta i J. Haydna bilo bi prazno; koristili su se idejama ovih danas zaboravljenih umetnika. U zaostavštini A.Mocarta ima skica (nedovršenih 22 opere; najveći problem za Amadeusa je bio naći libreto) fragmenti, delovi, spremane arije (iz brojnih opera ovih italijana – "popravljane" muzičke ideje u duhu tog vremena)

Ko je na koga uticao?

Sarti je bio Mocartov savremenik i u to vreme izuzetno popularan kompozitor. Zato je Amadeus u svom "Don Đovaniju" u sceni - večere (pesme uz piće) - na kraju opere, kada orkestar svira odlomke iz tada popularnih opera, uključujući i Sartijevu ariju „Due Litiganti“.

Kompozitor italijanske opere Đuzepe Sarti je danas zaboravljen. Od njegovih 75 opera postoji snimak samo jedne (cele opere -"Julius Sabinus"); tu i tamo postoji po koja arija iz neke njegove druge opere. Međutim, u vreme svog vrhunca bio je izuzetno popularan pa je Amadeus na ariju "Fra i due Litigante" iz njegove opere "Fra i due Litigante" napisao set Varijacija. Naziv opere u bukvalnom prevodu "Dok se dvojica spore, treći uživa". Mocart se sreo s Sartijem na putovanju u Beč i sa oduševljenjem je pisao svom ocu Leopoldu: „Mnogo sam mu svirao i komponovao varijacije na njegov način a sve to što sam uradio mu se izuzetno dopalo“!

Mozart 8 Variations from Sarti's Fra i due Litiganti K460

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q1QhWy522A

Sarti: Fra i due litiganti il terzo gode - Come un agnello

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWx5WUmnJ-8

Giuseppe Sarti - „Julije Sabin"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDasS-kCcY&list=OLAK5uy_mKU3DzCIVpI8Yg-99t1MPMNqUy6pgBKwY&index=1

Đulio Sabino („Julije Sabin“) je drama per musica (opera seria) u tri čina Đuzepea Sartija. Libreto je napisao Pjetro Đovanini. Opera koja govori o trijumfu bračne ljubavi. Radnja se odvija u Galiji iz 1. veka u vreme cara Vespazijana. Prvi put je izvedena u Teatru San Benedetto u Veneciji 3. januara 1781. Opera, postavljena u sedam evropskih zemalja krajem 18. veka. Opera je usredsređena na plemeniti pokušaj kraljeva Sabina da se odupru Rimljanima osvajačima i zaštite svoju porodicu. Postoje standardne operske serijske arije o snazi, ljubavi, očaju, časti protiv romantike, itd. ali Sarti uspeva da održi tempo uprkos pomalo stagnirajućim konvencijama žanra. Suvi recitativ je sveden na minimum osim u nekoliko spotova, a usred većine solo da capo arija Sarti živopisno koristi orkestarske recitative, ansamble i instrumentalne strane. Pored toga, Sartijev ritam arija (kako određeno raspoloženje, tempo ili orkestarska boja prati drugu) je savršeno izbalansiran, muzika nikada nije dosadna.

(druga dela Sartija)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znZdXgadiXk

Giuseppe Sarti - Enea nel Lazio - Aria di Enea - Al fragor di trombe altere

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCEAqvG0gwQ

Giuseppe Sarti "Miserere"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bUcHHFpFXM

Giuseppe Sarti (1729-1802) - Magnificat

watch?v=8cR3vhyeuno&list=PLqjfmaZ0vpF7dWG0mtWm6FcKXZE9IVNLn&index=6

Giuseppe Sarti (1729-1802) - Gloria in excelsis Deo (1791)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-joTG-qAsU

Giuseppe Sarti / Vaclav Smetacek, 1969: Russian Oratorio - Bratislava Radio Orchestra, MHS 1735

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Giuseppe Sarti:

1. Pompeo in Armenia (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Bartolomeo Vitturi, Carnival) 1752.Faenza

2. Il re pastore (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, Carnival 1753.) Pesaro

3. Vologeso (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Apostolo Zeno's Lucio Vero, Carnival 1754. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

4. Antigono (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, 1754. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

5. Ciro riconosciuto (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, 1754. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

6. Demofoonte (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, Carnival 1755. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

7. Sesostri (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Pietro Pariati, 1755. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

8. Arianna e Teseo (dramma per musica, Pietro Pariati, Carnival 1756.Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

9. Anagilda (dramma per musica, Girolamo Gigli, 1758. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

10. Achille in Sciro (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, 1759. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

11. Armida abbandonata (dramma per musica, Leopoldo de Villati after Torquato Tasso, 1759. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

12. Artaserse (dramma per musica,3 acts, Metastasio, Carnival 1760. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

13. Astrea placata (festa teatrale, 1 act, Metastasio, 17 October 1760. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

14. Andromaca (dramma per musica, 3 act,s Apostolo Zeno, 1760. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

15. Filindo (pastorale eroica, 3 acts, Pietro d'Averara; 1760. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

16. Issipile (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, Spring 1761. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

17. Nitteti (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, 12 October 1761. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv ) Copenhagen

18. Alessandro nell'Indie (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, Autumn 1761. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

19. La figlia recuperata (dramma pastorale, Pastor Arcade Timido, February 1762. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

20. Semiramide dramma (per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, Autumn 1762. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

21. Didone abbandonata (dramma per musica, 3 act,s Metastasio, 1762. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

22. Narciso (dramma pastorale, 3 acts, Apostolo Zeno Carnival 1763. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

23. Cesare in Egitto (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Giacomo Francesco Bussani, autumn 1763 Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

24. Il naufragio di Cipro (dramma pastorale, 3 acts, Pietro Andrea Ziani ,January or spring 1764. Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

25. Il gran Tamerlano (tragedia per musica, 3 acts, Agostin Piovene, early 1764 . Theatre on Kongens Nytorv) Copenhagen

26. Ipermestra (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, Carnival 1766. Teatro Argentina) Rome

27. La giardiniera brillante (intermezzo, 2 acts, 1768. , Teatro Valle) Rome

28. L'asile de l'amour (dramatic cantata, Jacques-Marie Deschamps, after Metastasio 22 July 1769. Christiansborg court) Copenhagen

29. La double méprise, ou Carlile et Fany (comédie mêlée d'ariettes , 1 act, Jacques-Marie Deschamps 22 July 1769. Christiansborg court) Copenhagen

30. Soliman den Anden (syngespil ,3 acts, Charlotta Dorothea Biehl, after Charles Simon Favart, 8 October 1770. Kongelige Teater) Copenhagen

31. Le bal (opéra comique, Jacques-Marie Deschamps, 1770. Christiansborg court) Copenhagen

32. Demofoonte (revised version, dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio,30 January 1771. Kongelige Teater) Copenhagen

33. The Succession to the Throne in Sidon (Tronfølgen i Sidon) lyrisk tragi-comedia (syngespil) 2 acts Niels Krog Bredal, after Metastasio's Il re pastore 4 April 1771 Copenhagen, Kongelige Teater

34. La clemenza di Tito (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, June 1771. Obizzi) Padua

35. Il re pastore (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, 1771. Kongelige Teater ) Copenhagen

36. Il tempio d'eternità (festa teatrale, 1 act,Metastasio, 1771. Kongelige Teater ) Copenhagen

37. Deucalion og Pyrrha (syngespil,1 act, Carolina Amalia Thielo and Niels Krog Bredal, after Germain-François Poullain de Saint-Foix 19 March 1772. Kongelige Teater ) Copenhagen

38. Aglae, or The Column (Aglae, eller Støtten) syngespil, 1 act, Claus Fasting and Adolph Gotthold Carstens, after Louis Poinsinet de Sivry 16 February 1774. Copenhagen

39. Christiansborg court Love Letters (Kierlighedsbrevene) syngespil, 3 acts, Charlotta Dorothea Biehl, after Louis de Boissy 22 March 1775. Copenhagen,

40. Christiansborg court Farnace (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Antonio Maria Lucchini, 1776. Teatro San Samuele) Venice

41. Le gelosie villane (dramma giocoso, 3 acts, Tommaso Grandi,1776. Teatro San Samuele) Venice

42. Iphigenia (drmma per musica, 3 acts, after Jean Racine Carnival 1777. , Teatro Argentina) Rome

43. Medonte, re di Epiro ( dramma per music,a Giovanni de Gamerra 8 September 1777. Teatro della Pergola) Florence

44. Il militare bizzarro (dramma giocoso, 2 acts,Tommaso Grandi, 27 December 1777. Teatro San Samuele) Venice

45. Scipione (dramma per musica, Eugenio Giunti, autumn 1778. Casa Balbi) Mestre

46. I contrattempi (dramma giocoso, Nunziato Porta November 1778. Teatro San Samuele) Venice

47. Adriano in Siria (dramma per musica, 3 acts,Metastasio, 26 December 1778. Teatro Argentina) Rome

48. Olimpiade (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, 1778. Florence

49. L'ambizione delusa (intermezzo,2 acts,February 1779. Capranica) Rome

50. Achille in Sciro (dramma per musica,3 acts, Metastasio,Autumn 1779.Teatro della Pergola ) Florence

51. Mitridate a Sinope (dramma per musica, 3 acts, after Apostolo Zeno, Autumn 1779. Palla a Corda) Florence

52. Siroe (dramma per music, 3 acts, Metastasio, 26 December 1779. Teatro Regio) Turin

53. Giulio Sabino (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Pietro Giovannini's Epponima, 1781. San Benedetto) Venice

54. Demofoonte (third version) dramma per musica,3 acts,Metastasio,Carnival 1782. Teatro Argentina) Rome

55. Alessandro e Timoteo (dramma per music, 3 acts, Gastone della Torre di Rezzonico, 6 April 1782.) Parma

56. Didone abbandonata (revised version)dramma per musica, 3 acts, Metastasio, June 1782. Obizzi) Padua

57. Fra i due litiganti il terzo gode (dramma giocoso,2 acts,Carlo Goldoni's Le nozze,14 September 1782. Teatro alla Scala) Milan

58. Attalo, re di Bitinia (dramma per musica, 3 acts, Antonio Salvi ,26 December 1782. San Benedetto) Venice

59. Idalide (dramma per musica,3 acts, Ferdinando Moretti,8 January 1783. Teatro alla Scala ) Milan

60. Erifile (dramma per musica, 2 acts,Giovanni de Gamerr,Carnival 1783. Pavia

61. Il trionfo della pace (dramma per musica, 2 acts, Cesare Olivieri, 10 May 1783. Ducale) Mantua

62. Olimpiade (revised version) dramma per musica,3 acts,Metastasio, 1783. Dame) Rome

63. Gli amanti consolati (dramma giocoso, 2 acts, 1784 . St Petersburg

64. I finti eredi (opera comica, 2 acts, Giovanni Bertati's Il vilano geloso 19/30 October 1785. Kammenïy ) St Petersburg

65. Armida e Rinaldo (dramma per musica,2 acts,Marco Coltellini after Torquato Tasso, 15/26 January 1786. Hermitage) St Petersburg

66. Castore e Polluce (dramma per musica, 2 acts, Ferdinando Moretti, after Pierre-Joseph Bernard, 22 September/3 October 1786. Hermitage) St Petersburg

67. Zenoclea azione (teatrale , 2 acts,Ferdinando Moretti,1786, unperformed

68. Alessandro nell'Indie (second version),dramma per musica, Metastasio, winter 1787. San Cecilia) Palermo

69. Cleomene (dramma per musica,3 acts,Giovanni de Gamerra, 27 December 1788. Zagnoni) Bologna

70. The Early Reign of Oleg (Nachal'noye upravleniye Olega; Cyrillic: Начальное управление Олега) (Composed in collaboration with Carlo Canobbio and Vasily Pashkevich) 5 acts Catherine the Great 15/26 October 1790. Hermitage) St Petersburg

71. Andromeda (dramma per musica, Ferdinando Moretti, 24 October/4 November 1798. Hermitage) St Petersburg

72. Enea nel Lazio (dramma per musica,2 acts, Ferdinando Moretti, 15/26 October 1799. Kammenïy) St Petersburg

73. La famille indienne en Angleterre, 3 acts, Marchese Gabriele di Castelnau, after August von Kotzebue 1799. Kammenïy) St Petersburg

74.Les amours de Flore et de Zéphire (ballet anacréontique,2 acts,Pierre Bressol Chevalier,7/19 September 1800.) Gatchina

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Slično primer Gasman: